The Effect of Stress on University Students - 8911 Words

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the study There have been many studies (Schafer, 1996; Fisher, 1994; Altmaier, 1983; Greenberg amp; Valletutti, 1980), which have reported strong relationship between stress and university students. Some individuals are more sensitive to some stressors than others; so, the person’s characteristics and behavior patterns must be looked at to determine their importance and their vulnerability to stress. The experience of stress in humans is universal, but there are also marked individual differences in how stress is experienced. Stress has been known â€Å"to be the fuel the body uses to meet the challenges of our fast-paced modern life; for others, it is the aversive by-product of such a life† (Altmaier,†¦show more content†¦* Do males and females face the same stress situation? * What are the coping strategies used by students to deal with stress? Significance of the study This study will be a beneficial to the university as a whole. It will provide threshold information to Counsellors, (Academic, Hall, and Counselling unit) .which they will use to provide services for Students. It will also be profitable to would be students since it will feed them with prior information about what to expect in the university and how to manage those situations. This will also help parents to have an idea about the problems their wards experience when they are in first year so that they will make provisions to calm down the situation. Delimitation This study is limited to first year students of University of Cape Coast. To enable us to have quick access to information and easy administration of questionnaires we choose first year undergraduate students since, they are new in the university environment. Definition of Terms In order to understand clearly, the following term needs to be defined: Stress: Is an emotional arousal as a result of socio-environmental demands that strain an individual’s usual ability to manage such emotional arousal. Stressors: are any stress-producing factors. Copying strategies: They are the mechanisms or activities that individuals use or engage to deal with stress. CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography on Stress1762 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinitions of stress and how to cope with it, known as stress management. Stress affects health in a number of ways. It is defined by James (2011) as pressure or tension that comes in many shapes and forms and furthermore the body and mind in particular reacts psychologically and even emotionally. How Stress Affects Health This can affect how an individual feels, think and behave. Signs and symptoms can include sleeping problems, loss of appetite and difficulty concentrating. Stress can usually causeRead MoreThe Negiousness Of Stressing For Students At Wake Forest University993 Words   |  4 PagesHaving considered the seriousness of stress, there are many solutions that must take place in order to allow students to feel relieved from the issue. One solution that a university in North Carolina has taken is to promote social networking. Beth Howard from the U.S. News reported that Wake Forest University aims to have successful students, minus all of the inessential stress. The quad at Wake Forest University allows students to enjoy each student’s company and ease their mind from school, accordingRead MoreStress Among Students Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesStress Associated to Poor Eating Behaviors Based on Living Situations in University Students The â€Å"Freshmen Fifteen† is a slang term used among youth to refer to an approximation of 10 to 15 pounds that a first-year university student is predicted to gain. There is an association between the first-year experience in university and weight gain. One study concluded that first-year students gain 5.5 more than the general population (Mihalopoulos, Auinger, Klein, 2008). It is critical to study lateRead MoreResearch Proposal : Amount Of Stress1565 Words   |  7 Pagesproposal: Amount of stress undergraduate university students go through in Male’, Maldives Over the years an increase in stress levels in university undergraduate students has been seen all over the world. So it is important to know if undergraduate students in Maldives also goes through high levels of stress. This experiment is designed to measure the levels of stress that average Maldivian university undergraduate student goes through using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Long lastingRead MoreThe Effects Of Kouk Sun On University Students With Anxiety Symptoms1737 Words   |  7 Pagesemotional stress reactivity to a real-life academic examination stressor in students participating in a 20-week aerobic exercise training: A randomised controlled trial using Ambulatory Assessment† and Kim, J., Yang, H., Schroeppel, S. (2013), â€Å"A Pilot Study Examining the Effects of Kouk Sun Do on University Students with Anxiety Symptoms†. The assessment will look at the best appraisal that best suit the case study of Mariana who is a first year health sciences student at an Australian university. AsRead MoreLevels Of Stress And Coping Strategies Among Arts Streams, Male And Female University Students Of Peradeniya Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesInvestigating the Levels of Stress and Coping Strategies Among Arts Stream, Male and Female University Students of Peradeniya Buddhiprabha. D. D. Pathirana, Senior Lecturer in Psychology, Department of Philosophy Psychology, University of Peradeniya Author Note Correspondence concerning this paper should be directed to Dr. Buddhiprabha D.D.Pathirana, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, at buddhiprabha2001@yahoo.com or buddhiprabha@pdn.ac.lk Investigating the Levels of Stress and Coping StrategiesRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On Students With Stress Management927 Words   |  4 PagesRelief Stress is something everyone deals with on different levels and in different ways. Stress can originate from daily hassles, bad time management, and big life changing decisions. College is where all three of these appear to meet; whether it be deciding what career to chase, the impending terror of midterms, or what to eat for lunch stress is surrounding college students. If universities do not look into ways of helping students with stress management, than students are not only at risk ofRead MoreStress And Eating Disorder Among University Students Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesSTRESS AND EATING DISORDER Abstract Eating habits are closely associated with our perception of eating. There can be also exogenous factors that affects our eating habits such as getting low mark from the exam or ending of a romantic relationship. Some people tend to be eat more or less depends on these triggering situations. This study will examine the relationship between stressRead MoreStress Experience By Millennial College Students Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pages Stress in College Students Helen W. Bland, Bridget F. Melton, Lauren E. Bigham, Paul D. Welle Georgia Southern University, University of Georgia, Carnegie Mellon University Author’s Note Helen W. Bland, Department of Public Health, Georgia Southern University; Bridget F. Melton, Department of Health and Human Science, Georgia Southern University; Lauren E. Bigham, Department of Counseling Psychology,University of Georgia; Paul D. Welle, Department of Engineering and Public Policy, CarnegieRead MoreHealth Inventory Scores As A Function Of Perceived Stress Scores1703 Words   |  7 PagesHealth Inventory Scores as a function of Perceived Stress Scores Perceived stress may have an impact on an individual’s overall health. Many believe higher perceived stress would lead to more detrimental health impacts or vice versa. However, previous studies have presented mixed results. Previous research found rates of colds and respiratory infections to increase as stress index scores increased, in a study of 420 men and women. Participants stress was measured using three questionnaires and each

Wish You Well by David Baldacci Free Essays

Character development is an important part of all novels. A character’s mindset can change throughout the story as they go through events that may change there mindset. In Wish You Well by David Baldacci, Oz’s personality and attitude change from the beginning to the end of the novel. We will write a custom essay sample on Wish You Well by David Baldacci or any similar topic only for you Order Now His point of view alone effects the story. As the book starts off Oz is a little immature boy. He is not self efficient and relies completely on his mother Amanda and his older sister Lou. â€Å"Fortunately, his fearful cries would be replaced by a smile when Oz would at last focused on her, and she would want to hold her son always, keep him safe always. (Baldacci p. 4) Amanda had protected Oz his entire life and made him feel a sense of attachment. He never had to make his own decisions or face an event where his hope or faith was challenged. Until the car accident, his mother was severely injured and his father was killed. â€Å"Oz reached for his mother, incomprehension the only thing between the little boy and possibly fatal panic. † (Baldacci p. 14) This was the first and only time in the story that we see Oz in panic. Lou being older feels she understood more about the world and life than Oz. She had loved her father but clearly did not have the same type of relationship with her mother. After the accident and her father was dead, Lou seemed to get a negative outlook. She never once had a positive thought that possibly her mother could might get better and regain consciousness. Oz on the other hand never lost his faith. He always though positively. Throughout the novel Oz makes comment to his grandmother, diamond, and Lou that his mother could and was getting better. His love for her was so strong that even though deep down he knew the reality of her healing was not likely, he would do whatever he could to make it possibly come true. Oz thinks that wishing for his mother to regain her health at the wishing well will make her better. â€Å"I wish that my mother will wake up and love me again. He paused and then added solemnly, And Lou too. † (Baldacci p. 131) Oz truly cared about his mother and sister and risked his fear to try and make them all happy again. He was truly a caring character who changes from being a shy innocent boy. Into a caring self confident young man. Lou and Oz both loved each other and there mother. However, each characters point of view was different regarding the citation. Lou was kind of angry and tried to think about things realistic. She knew the odds of her mother getting well and there family going back to normal was limited. She realized it and tried to move on. As opposed to Oz who hoped and wished that his mother and Lou would get better and things could go back to the way they were. In the end even though both character’s points of view where vastly different, they each helped each other get through some tragic events in the novel together, through love and perseverance. How to cite Wish You Well by David Baldacci, Essay examples

Cheating Essay Example For Students

Cheating Essay Cheating Essay used to be considered an unmentionable sin. However, in this day and age, it has become more common and somewhat of a daily occurrence. Cheating is more widespread today than in the past. According to the article titled Education: The New Morality, cheating has not been an issue of values, but simply one of practicality. This shows that many view cheating as a mere occurrence and something that can often be skipped over. The reason cheating has become such a pervasive movement is because many students tend to rationalize their cheating behavior. A common rationalization that many students use is, Thats the only way Ill get anywhere in life. Many students also tend to incorporate reasons, such as parental pressures, the aim to be the best, and the lack of time, with their dishonest behavior. Since cheating has been a problem in our society, there have been many attempts to rid the world of this problem. Such attempts include creating an honor code, forms of punishment, and possibly a computer-integrated classroom. The terms by which an honor code are defined as are (taken from the article titled A Question of Honor), something that defines ethical academic conduct with the expectation that students will monitor their peers, report violations, and mete out penalties. It may get you a grade, but that grade sure wont help you in life. Learning to respect yourself is what will. Category: English .

The Problem with Horror Movies Essay Example

The Problem with Horror Movies Essay In a world where the entertainment industry is at an all-time high with television and film mediums, with programs being demanded at such a high rate people have to rapidly make movies regularly. In the genre of Horror, industries nowadays only make a handful amount of good movies per year, while the rest of them in the majority of all of them turn out to be commercial failures, as well as unimaginative films in overall. For a genre where it is widely varied in film with so many sub-genres within itself, there should, at least, be more than just a handful of movies each year that are actually original and imaginative. However, with studio interference into films and lack of pure creativity allowed in films, horror movies today are only meant to make a quick buck for the studio that funds them, since people today will see any horror movie that is pretty much in theater, and simple films will be cheaper to make. People today dont come to grasp with what the genre is supposed to do to the audience. Many believe that all you need is just jump scares, and cliched situations with movies and that would make a perfect horror film, but when these types of films come out, people immediately hate them. The biggest part about this is that this issue isnt just with all American-made horror films, but that it is a rampant occurrence throughout many different foreign films as well. As stated in the film journal Euro Horror: Classic European Horror Cinema in Contemporary American Culture, From a present-day perspective, Euro horror is woefully dated. Beholden to the exploitation film market, its makers aggressively exploited once-popular narrative themes and filmmaking techniques in an attempt to increase its appeal at the box office. Horror movies arent just supposed to scare someone for a brief second, or try and attempt fake-out scares the whole movie; they are meant to frighten and terrify the viewer to the point where the movie sticks with We will write a custom essay sample on The Problem with Horror Movies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Problem with Horror Movies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Problem with Horror Movies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Da - big - Chinese character profile

Da - big - Chinese character profile On a list of the 3000 most common Chinese characters, Ã¥ ¤ § is ranked 13. Its not only a common character in its own right, used to mean big, but it also appears in many common words (remember, words in Chinese often consist of two characters, but not always). In this article, were going to look closer at the character, including how its pronounced and how its used. Basic meaning and pronunciation of Ã¥ ¤ § The basic meaning of this character is big and it is pronounced d (fourth tone). It is a pictograph of a man with outstretched arms. The word is mostly used for physical size, as can be seen in the following sentences: ä »â€"çš„æˆ ¿Ã¥ ­ Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ ¤ §tÄ  de fngzi bà º dHis house is not big. Ã¥Å" °Ã§ Æ'Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¤ §dà ¬qià º hÄ›n dThe earth is big. Note that simply translating Ã¥ ¤ § into big isnt going to work in all cases. This is why speaking Mandarin accurately can be a challenge. Here are some examples where you can use Ã¥ ¤ § in Chinese, but where we wouldnt use big in English. ä ½  Ã¥ ¤Å¡Ã¥ ¤ §nÇ  duÃ…  d?How old are you? (literally: how big are you?) ä »Å Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ©â„¢ ½Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¤ §jÄ «ntiÄ n tiyang hÄ›n dIts sunny today (literally: the sun is big today) In other words, you need to learn in which cases you can and should use Ã¥ ¤ § to indicate a high degree. Other weather phenomenons are also okay, so the wind is big and rain can be big too in Chinese. Common words with Ã¥ ¤ § (d) big Here are a few common words that contain Ã¥ ¤ §: Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ® ¶ (djiÄ  ) everybody (lit: big home)Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¤ º º (drà ©n) adult; grown up (lit: big person)Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ­ ¦ (dxuà ©) university (lit: big study, compare Ã¥ ° Ã¥ ­ ¦)Ã¥ ¤ §Ã©â„¢â€  (dlà ¹) continent; Mainland (China) (lit: big land) These are good examples of why words are actually not that difficult to learn in Chinese. If you know what the component characters mean, you might not be able to guess the meaning if youve never seen the word before, but its certainly easier to remember! Alternative pronunciation: Ã¥ ¤ § (di) Many Chinese characters have multiple pronunciations and Ã¥ ¤ § is one of them. The pronunciation and meaning given above is by far the most common one, but there is a second reading di, mostly seen in the word Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ¤ « (difu) doctor.   Instead of learning this particular pronunciation for Ã¥ ¤ §, I suggest that you learn this word for doctor; you can safely assume that all other cases of Ã¥ ¤ § are pronounced d!

Praises to the Correct Use of The Semicolon

Praises to the Correct Use of The Semicolon Praises to the Correct Use of The Semicolon Praises to the Correct Use of The Semicolon By Daniel Scocco Lana, one of our readers, pointed me to a very interesting article over the NY Times. Titled Celebrating the Semicolon in a Most Unlikely Location, the article describes how the reporter was pleasantly surprised by finding an erudite and correct use of the semicolon on a subway sign. â€Å"Please put it in a trash can,† riders are reminded. After which Neil Neches, an erudite writer in the transit agency’s marketing and service information department, inserted a semicolon. The rest of the sentence reads, â€Å"that’s good news for everyone.† Semicolon sightings in the city are unusual, period, much less in exhortations drafted by committees of civil servants. In literature and journalism, not to mention in advertising, the semicolon has been largely jettisoned as a pretentious anachronism. The article argues that most people avoid using the semicolon merely because they are not sure about it. We covered it in the past, specifically outlining the differences between the colon and the semicolon. If you need a reminder, the article itself describes how it should be used: Americans, in particular, prefer shorter sentences without, as style books advise, that distinct division (the semicolon) between statements that are closely related but require a separation more prolonged than a conjunction and more emphatic than a comma. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. HadThe Parts of a WordDissatisfied vs. Unsatisfied

Separation and anxieties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Separation and anxieties - Essay Example Approximately four to five percent of the children in US suffer from this disorder. The disorder is not sex-specific meaning that it affects both males and females equally. The disorder usually wears off during the teens or puberty however a small percentage of people still retain it. Separation anxiety is a natural phenomenon in babies that are of the age group two to four since that is the time when they need their parents’ constant attention. However as the children grow up and start to become a little independent, this feeling dies off. In some cases, the anxiety persists and hence results in this so called separation anxiety disorder. There are many symptoms which may point towards the presence of this order. Some of the most common ones include not going to school or bed without the parents or a caretaker. Also there is a persistent fear in the minds of these children that something bad will happen to the guardian if they are separated from them which causes them to cry or act in a very hyper manner. Separation anxiety disorder has multiple origins. The most obvious being some mental distress or trauma that a child has gone through like an accident or a death in the family. However many a times the parents themselves are responsible for this condition. Sometimes the anxiety is mutual and a greater contribution comes from the side of the parents who refuse to let go of their children alone. Children whose parents are over protective have a greater likelihood of suffering from the separation anxiety disorder. The disorder is also thought to have genetic origins and it is said that parents who suffer or suffered from separation anxiety have a greater probability of having children who have to go through the same thing. During normal conditions the separation anxiety symptoms usually subside when the child gets assured that the parents

Financial regulation, law and compliance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Financial regulation, law and compliance - Essay Example The paper will also discuss why trust is considered inevitable in the financial services industry. Finally, different methods that have been put in place/are proposed to restore trust will be evaluated. A healthy financial system is an integral part of a healthy economy as it helps the business sector to invest and grow; to deal with daily transactions and manage risks; and to underpin activities in every segment of the society. According to the Confederation of British Industry, the UK’s premier business lobbying organisation, the UK financial services industry plays a significant role in enhancing the country’s business growth and overall economic development (PWC, 2012). The products and services offered by this industry represent a crucial part of the UK economy and constitute one of the country’s few world-class sectors. A well performing financial services sector is very important in the modern economy to develop a competitive and resilient financial system which is free from taxpayer support and is co-ordinated globally (Ibid). The UK financial services industry employed nearly 1.2 million people in the 3rd quarter of 2012, representing approximately 4 p ercent of the UK workforce. In the financial year ending 31st March 2012, the industry paid and estimated  £63bn in taxes, accounting for around 11.6% of the total government tax receipts in UK (Ibid). Despite the crucial role that the UK financial services industry plays in the growth of the country’ economy, consumer trust and confidence in the UK financial services industry is very low currently (BBC News, 2014). According to an annual survey conducted by the public relations firm Edelman, â€Å"less than half of the public trust banks do what is right, making financial services the world’s least-trusted industry for the second year in a row† (The financial brand, 2014). Since the global financial crisis 2008-09, the consumers’ trust and confidence in the banks’ ability to do

Partnership and Its Types Essay Example for Free

Partnership and Its Types Essay A partnership arises whenever two or more people co-own a business, and share in the profits and losses of the business. Each person contributes something to the business such as ideas, money, or property though management rights and personal liability will vary. In Pakistan the partnership firms are registered under the partnership act 1932 which defines the partnership as â€Å"The relation between persons who have agreed to share the profits of a business carried on by all or any of them acting for all† There should be at least two or maximum twenty partners in a firm with the exception of banking where maximum of ten partners could make the partnership A partnership may be registered with the Registrar of Firms of an area where the office of the firm is situated or proposed to be situated. A statement in prescribed form must be delivered to the relevant Registrar stating: †¢Firm name †¢Place or principal place of business of the firm †¢Names of any other places where the firm carries on business †¢Date when each partner joined the firm †¢Names in full and permanent addresses of the partners †¢Duration of the firm †¢Foretasted statement signed and verified by each partner Types of partners Active or working partner: Such a partner contributes capital and also takes active part in the management of the firm. He bears an unlimited liability for the firms debts. He is known to outsiders. He shares profits of the firm. He is a full-fledged partner. 2. Sleeping or dormant partner: A sleeping or inactive partner simply contributes capital. He does not take active part in the management of the firm. He shares in the profits or losses of the firm. His liability for the firms debts is unlimited. He is not known to the outside world. 3. Secret partner: This type of partner contributes capital and takes active part in the management of the firms business. He shares in the profits and losses of firm and his liability is unlimited. However, his connection with the firm is not known to the outside world. 4. Limited partner: The liability of such a partner is limited to the extent of his share in the capital and profits of the firm. He is not entitled to take active part in the management of the firms business. The firm is not dissolved in the event of his death, lunacy or bankruptcy. 5. Partner in profits only: He shares in the profits of the firm but not in the losses. But his liability for the firms debts is unlimited. He is not allowed to take part in the management of the firm. Such a partner is associated for his money and goodwill. 6. Nominal: Such a partner neither contributes capital nor takes part in the management of business. He does not share in the profits or losses of the firm. He only lends his name and reputation for the benefit of the firm. He represents himself or knowingly allows himself to be represented as a partner. He becomes liable to outsiders for the debts of the firm. A nominal partner can be of two types: 7. Minor as a partner: A minor is a person who has not completed 18 years of age. A minor cannot become a partner because he is not qualified to enter into a contract. But he may be admitted to the benefits of partnership with the mutual consent of all the partners. On being so admitted, a minor becomes entitled to a share in the profits of the firm. He can inspect and copy the books of account of the firm but he cannot take active part in the firms management. His liability is limited to the extent of his share in the capital and profits of the firm. He cannot file a suit against the firm or its partners to get his share except when he wants to disassociate himself from the firm. After becoming a major, the minor must give a public notice within six months if e wants to break off his connections with the partnership firm. If he does not give such a notice within six months or if he decides to remain in the firm, he becomes liable to an unlimited extent for the debts of the firm from the date he was admitted to the benefits of partnership. He also becomes entitled to take active part in the management of the firms business. 8. Sub partner: He is a third person with whom a partner agrees to share his profits desired from the firm. He does not take part in the management of the firm. He is not liable for the firms debts.

July 31, 1976 Colorado :: essays research papers

On July 31, 1976, a violent rainstorm hit the area where the Big Thompson Canyon is located. According to reports the rainfall was falling at an alarming rate of 2† per hour which caused the Big Thompson river to rise and return to its primordial state. This all began when winds from the east pushed very humid air up the mountains. The unstable air continued rising as its water vapor condensed. The winds were less than 20 mph above 10,000 feet that was too weak to move the storm away. Humid high-altitude air combining with weak winds meant the storm pulled into little dry air to weaken the rainfall. Hardly any of the rain soaked into the steep-sided canyon. The river quickly went over its banks, filled with debris that acted like battering rams against downstream buildings and cars. The water then backed up in the canyon’s narrow mouth, in floods, water often backs up as debris piles against bridges. The Floodwater sped up as it squeezed through narrow places was freed when the dam that was formed by debris burst loose. Due to these events, occurring in such a short time the U.S. Army came to rescue 850 people off the tops of homes, canyon walls, and rocks. The flood destroyed 556 homes and 52 businesses. The total damage was $35.5 million to the area; it cost $1 million dollars to remove 320, 450 tons of debris. The storm and flood caused the Big Thompson River to change course in thirty places. The flood killed 144 people and it took the authorities working until mid-September to identify all the bodies. The town felt that most of the deaths occurred due to the lack of a timely warning. To prevent this from happening again they installed a reverse 911 emergency system.

Why So Expensive

College is said to be some of the best years of your life. The parties, the freedom, and the new experience help you find new friends, hopefully a career and yourself, but rising college cost are having young adults stressing instead of enjoying the college experience. Every year less and less states are giving their college’s money and more and more students are asking for financial aid or taking out student loans. The more that college tuition continues to rise the more of a financial toll it will take on students family and the more debt students trying to earn degrees will accumulate if we don’t try to find a way to get the state and government to help with college costs. For public colleges and universities the price of education rose 14. 1% more than the year before and for private schools it rose 6%, but is the economy the thing to blame for rising costs (Weston)? Ivy League schools, private schools, and public schools will do about anything to make it on U. S. news and World Reports annual college rankings or other college related programs by spending more money on high-speed internet, bigger and more extravagant dining facilities, new gyms and equipment, and having apartments on campus instead of dorms (Asinof). In the 1990s the stock market and big money donors helped keep college cost reasonable, but since the economy is in a recession money is hard to come by especially for big establishments. Student loans and financial aid help many students when it comes to paying for college, but there are some people who â€Å"make too much† to receive financial aid when in reality they need financial aid just as much as the kid coming from the single parent home with five siblings. Some argue you that there shouldn’t be an income cut off when it comes to giving someone government assistance, but if everyone who needed government assistance received it then the government would have a money problem when it comes to putting students through higher education. Many politicians, District Education Boards and school administrators agree on the fact that declining state support for education is the main reason behind plummeting college costs (Asinof). Since the start of the economic crisis in the Untied States the tuition and mandatory fees for public four year schools in every state increased. Boston College, for example, in 2006 for an out of stator to attend it cost 33,000 dollars and now to attend for the 2010 year it costs about 39,000 dollars (College Board). The state’s where tuition has increased the most has been Massachusetts and South Carolina where the price has jumped 26 percent (Weston). The tuition price has also been raised for community colleges as well making a two-year higher education just as expensive if you were to go to a community college out of state. The economy does play a big part in rising college costs, but so do the state the college is in as well. The state is responsible to help cover tuition costs. More needed money for health care has put a shadow over education and because of that shadow the tuitions will either stay where they are or continue to rise (Weston). Without help paying for education the younger generation will either choose to work minimum wage jobs or will be covered with debt for half of their lives. Kelli Space, 23, graduated from Northeastern University in 2009 with a bachelor's in sociology and also $200,000 in student loan debt (Rowley). Over the last couple of years, private lenders, nominated by college financial aid offices, have been giving young people hundreds of thousands of dollars to earn bachelor's degrees (Rowley). As a result of declining grants and costs, more than two-thirds of students graduated with debt in 2008 which is 45 percent more than in 1993 (Rowley). People are beginning to compare the student loan crisis that is happening to young people to the mortgage crisis that is happening to home and small business owners. Families are finding it easier to recieve a loan from private student loan firms because of how easy they make it seem to barrow money and pay for college when in reality private loan companies have strict repayment rules and have extremely high interest rates. Tuition costs are beginning to outweigh the federal loans and grants (Rowley). Many of my friends have been saying they are trying to avoid student loans as much as possible by going to a community college first or trying to save up enough money to pay the college up front, but when it all comes down to it,in this day and age, more than one-third of college student will have to take out at least one student loan to finish their education. There has always been a cost and price on education. The cost of working hard, the price of going out instead of studying, the cost of finding a major, and the cost of fun. Now the cost and price of paying for education is unbearable and getting to the point of being unpayable. When will the states realize education is just as important as the new pavement need on I35- south and just as important as healthcare that they will be able to lower tuition costs? Hopefully soon or this generation will have a debt epidemic that no president can promise to fix.

John Williams (Composer) Essay

Born in Queens, NY, in 1932, John Williams is arguably the most sought-after composer in Hollywood today. Musically, John Williams greatly influences my work and I find his grandiose, sweeping scores a benchmark to which I would like to progress to in my composing career. With 47 Academy Award nominations, he is the most nominated musician in Academy Awards history and the second-most nominated person of all-time (second to Walt Disney). However, Williams’ rise to fame has been slow and it has taken many years for him to become the household name he is today. This encouraged me, as it showed that even a musical legend like John Williams started out small and worked his way up. During his time studying at Juilliard, he worked as a jazz pianist in New York clubs and after his studies, he moved to L.A. where he began working as a studio pianist for renowned composers, such as Henry Mancini and thus, some of his more comedic scores show Mancini’s influence. He soon gained notice in Hollywood for his versatility in composing jazz, piano and symphonic music. When composing a piece of music, I always look to John Williams for inspiration. One of his most famous techniques, and a technique I greatly appreciate, is the concept of leitmotif and his ability to write a fitting and recognisable piece of music to accompany a particular character; a favourite of mine being â€Å"Princess Leia’s Theme† from Stephen Spielberg’s space epic Star Wars. Williams’ collaboration with Stephen Spielberg began when Spielberg was an all but unknown director, with the film The Sugarland Express and with the momentum of that success, they began a long collaboration together, working on films such as Indiana Jones, Schindler’s List, Harry Potter, Jaws, Jurrasic Park and Close Encounters of the Third Kind, with the latter’s musical and film concepts being worked on simultaneously by Spielberg and Williams, an unusual step for a Hollywood film but typical of John Williams for pushing boundaries. His ability to write so many different styles of music, from Schindler’s List to Indiana Jones, is a skill I which greatly inspires me, as well as his flair for conveying a particular theme; particularly in E.T, where his music depicts the childlike innocence of the film. He is a chameleon of sorts and his seemingly effortless approach to composing exquisite pieces of music for completely different genres makes him stand out amongst other notable musicians of our modern culture. He also takes a lot of inspiration from composers such as Richard Strauss and Wagner, and it is evident in the style of some of his work that he admires the grand, symphonic scores and neoromatic style of Golden Age composers Max Steiner and Erich Wolfgang Korngold. When orchestras are performing his pieces, John Williams likes to be the one to conduct, adding more passion and depth to the music that wouldn’t be there if it were another conductor. I have viewed many videos on Youtube of orchestras playing Williams’ creations and each time they have played with a fervour and respect that spawns a magical, tangible atmosphere, making the music stay with you long after the orchestra has stopped playing. The fact that his scores are not particularly technically difficult, yet still require a musician of great calibre to play them, shows how much effort Williams puts in to evoke the emotion and theme of the film. Star Wars is perhaps Williams’ most famous and memorable scores and is the highest-grossing non-popular recording of all-time. The combined scores add up to more than 14 hours of orchestral music – a magnitude unheard of by most musicians. It is this tenacity and dedication that I admire most about John Williams and is, most likely, what gave him the remarkable career he has enjoyed for so many years.

Overview of Tiger Moths, Subfamily Arctiinae

Overview of Tiger Moths, Subfamily Arctiinae Anyone who has used a black light to sample insects at night has probably collected a few tiger moths. The subfamily name Arctiinae is likely derived from the Greek arctos, meaning bear, an apt nickname for the fuzzy tiger moth caterpillars. Appearance Tiger moths are often (but not always) brightly colored, with bold markings in geometric shapes. They tend to be small to medium in size and bear filiform antennae. The adults are mostly nocturnal, and hold their wings flat, like a roof over their bodies, when at rest. Once youve seen a few tiger moths, you will probably recognize other members of the subfamily Artiinae by sight alone. There are, however, some specific wing venation traits used for identification. In most tiger moths, the subcosta (Sc) and radial sector (Rs) are fused to the center of the discal cell in the hind wings. Tiger moth caterpillars are often quite hairy, which is why some are referred to as woollybears. This subfamily includes some of our most beloved caterpillars, like the banded woollybear, which is believed by some to be a predictor of winter weather. Other members of the group, like the fall webworm, are considered pests. Habitat There are about 260 species of tiger moths in North America, a small fraction of the 11,000 species known worldwide. Tiger moths inhabit both temperate and tropical zones but are more diverse in the tropics. Diet and Life Cycle As a group, tiger moth caterpillars feed on a wide range of grasses, garden crops, shrubs, and trees. Some species, like the milkweed tussock moth, require specific host plants (in this example, milkweed). Like all butterflies and moths, tiger moths undergo a complete metamorphosis, with four life cycle stages: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa, and adult. The cocoon is constructed mostly from larval hairs, making for a rather fuzzy pupal case. Defenses Many tiger moths wear bright colors, which may serve to warn predators that theyd be an unpalatable meal. However, the nocturnal tiger moths are also hunted by bats, which find their prey using echolocation rather than sight. Some species of tiger moths have an auditory organ on the abdomen to help them detect and avoid bats at night. Tiger moths dont just listen for bats and flee, though. They produce an ultrasonic clicking sound that confuses and deters the bats pursuing them. Recent evidence suggests the tiger moths are effectively jamming or interfering with bat sonar. Some clever tiger moths that are perfectly tasty will mimic the clicking of their unpalatable cousins, much like the viceroy butterfly mimics the colors of the toxic monarch butterfly. Classification The tiger moths were previously classified within the family Arctiidae, and in some cases are listed as a tribe instead of a subfamily. Their current classification is: Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaClass: InsectaOrder: LepidopteraFamily: ErebidaeSubfamily: Arctiinae Sources Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. JohnsonInsects: Their Natural History and Diversity, by Stephen A. MarshallMoths mimic each others’ sounds to fool hungry Discover Magazine, accessed November 14, 2012Moths Use Sonar-Jamming Defense to Fend Off Hunting Bats Scientific American, accessed November 14, 2012Moths Mimic Sounds To SurviveSubfamily Arctiinae - Tiger and Lichen Moths BugGuide.Net, accessed November 14, 2012Flying Tigers, Entomology Notes #19, Michigan Entomological Society, accessed November 14, 2012

NASA Not Ready for Safe Manned Mars Mission

NASA Not Ready for Safe Manned Mars Mission NASA lacks the â€Å"right stuff† to deal with the dangers involved in sending humans to Mars and bringing them back – alive according to the space agency’s own Office of Inspector General (IG). In his 48-page report, NASA inspector general Paul K. Martin stated that NASA â€Å"faces significant challenges† in protecting Mars mission crews, and that it is being too â€Å"optimistic† in projecting its timetable for responding to the risks. As a result, Mars-bound humans â€Å"may have to accept a higher level of risk than those who fly International Space Station missions.† Now planned for the 2030s, NASA’s first human mission to Mars will be fraught with new dangers such as deep space radiation, increased cancer risk, impaired vision, negative effects of extended space travel on human behavior and performance. Reality check: By the 2030s, there will still be no warp drives, transporters, replicators or other â€Å"Star Trek† wonders to help our Mars-bound astronauts get there faster and stay alive longer. In fact, as IG Martin notes, they might even run out of food. Running out of Food? Yes, even basic nutrition could become a big problem, according to the report, because: A mission to Mars and back will take at least 3 years, but the current maximum shelf life for NASA’s prepackaged foods is only 1.5 years.The vehicle carrying astronauts to Mars and back will probably be far smaller than the International Space Station, providing significantly less room for food storage.Periodic resupply missions carrying more food, like those currently serving the Space Station, will not be possible.Finally, NASA scientists do not know how deep space radiation will affect the quality, shelf life and nutritional value of food. While NASA is investigating resupply alternatives, including actually growing food in the Mars spacecraft, the IG stated, â€Å"Despite 35 years of experience with space flight and research in this area, NASA food scientists continue to face challenges from crew member weight loss, dehydration, and reduced appetite that can result in nutrient deficiencies both during and post mission.† Dangers and Costs of Dealing with Them Not Known While NASA has developed ways to deal with most of the risks of travel in low Earth orbit, many of the added risks associated with long duration space travel – like trips to Mars and back are not yet fully understood. In addition, taxpayers, IG Martin also found that NASA cannot accurately project the true costs of creating ways to deal with the Mars mission risks. In fact, the ability of NASA to pay for a manned Mars mission, safe or not, is questionable given its shrinking share of the annual federal budget, which Congress has shown no signs of enlarging any time soon. â€Å"NASA has taken positive steps to address the human health and performance risks inherent in space travel,† Martin wrote, adding, â€Å"Long duration missions will likely expose crews to health and human performance risks for which NASA has limited effective countermeasures. †¦ Accordingly, the astronauts chosen to make at least the initial forays into deep space may have to accept a higher level of risk than those who fly International Space Station missions.† A ‘Culture of Silos’ Dragging NASA Down In his report, IG Martin contends that NASA’s scientists and engineers are held back by their tendency to work in what he called a â€Å"culture of silos,† in which technical teams work and collaborate only with specialists within their own areas of expertise. In other words, not enough research data is being shared. â€Å"We found multiple examples of work taking place on health and human performance risks that suffered from such communication silos,† Martin wrote. According to the report, NASA’s has so far failed to give its astronaut life safety community a designated representative to work with the engineering, safety, and mission planning communities to ensure that issues of astronaut health and physical performance are fully and properly considered. IG Found Some Progress, But†¦ IG Martin did find that NASA had been taking some steps to lessen the risks of the Mars mission including a new Mars rover, set for launch in 2020, that will be able to extract and collect oxygen from thin Martian atmosphere and ways to grow food in the almost sterile Martian soil. However, Martin concluded that NASA must speed up its work on astronaut safety in order to meet its established manned Mars mission goals and timetables.

The Raise interactive scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Raise interactive scenario - Essay Example In Tanzania in the areas of Mererani, children are subjected to deplorable conditions of mining, while they ought to be in schools or other places. A child is supposed to go through childhood and enjoy the happenings that happen in that stage. It does not help matters that poverty and the rare of occurrence of gem could be coincidental in Mererani (Sanga, 2007). Thus, the children in this place are subjected to work at that early stage and point in their life. It beats logic to note that as much as this place and area is a lucrative zone of close to thirty million dollars, a sizeable proportion of the population still live under poverty. It is needless to stress that the children who work in this sites also constitute part of the poor population (Goodman & Barnes, 2011). Thus, it would be more beneficial to them and the future of the society if they were involved in other alternative activities such as pursuing education. Subsequently, the risk and the deplorable work conditions in the mines do not make matters any easy for the children. Firstly, the children do not have any skill or expertise on how to act or behave when they are down deep in the mines (Schroeder, 2010). Thus, they are exposed to dangers of losing the prospects of a better life ahead of them, if they do not succumb to the dangers of the mines. Conclusively, there are other options that could be pursued to relieve these children off their predicament as articulated above. Sanga, S. P. (2007). The Role of Poor Governance in the Tanzanite-Al Qaeda Link Controversy, and Policy Options for Tanzania Enabling it to Escape from ‘Curses’ in the Mining Industry. One Society Institute.[Online] Available at: www. policy. hu/document/200808/sebastian. sanga. pdf&letoltes,

Executive Compensation and Employee Benefits Term Paper

Executive Compensation and Employee Benefits - Term Paper Example A company with a number of products, clear vision and unique ideas stands to lure the most competent candidates in each and every level but to maintain this momentum of better performance, it is imperative that the top executive level secures the best talent. A compensation package which is attractive to ensure these talents are maintained at the top management level of the company since they enjoy significant negotiating power and as such additional incentives up and above the compensation package can be impacting in luring an executive to join an organization. Challenging and unique opportunities do sway employees and thus in addition to an appealing compensation package, employee benefits have been applied so as to supplement it. Employee benefits has been very helpful in enhancing economic security of the employees thus curtailing labor turnover, increasing employees loyalty and improving productivity. Compensation is any kind of remuneration that is received by a person in return for his/her performance of the company's or organizational tasks. There are four common methods of compensation: performance related pay (PRP) such as commission, bonus, time rate and piece rate; fixed basic pay; non-economic benefits such as house, car etc and finally ownership benefits where employees are awarded shares (Reid, 2004). Several factors influence the wage and the salary structure, these include: pressure from trade union, lowest wage rates, existing market rates, supply and demand for a particular job, the employee's qualification and the ability of the organization to pay. Compensation in the form of wages is normally given to a worker while compensation in the form of a salary is normally given to an employee. Executive compensation refers to the way senior executives for the business corporations or firms are paid. Executive compensation comprises of the basic salary, options, shares, b onuses plus additional company benefits (Bagley & Savage, 2006). Forms of Executive compensation There are a number of types of executive compensation which offers numerous performance incentives and tax benefits. They include: Stock options -Refers to the privilege sold by a buyer to a seller that gives the latter a right rather than an obligation either to call(buy) or put(sell) the stock at an agreed price on a particular date or within a specified period (Bagley & Savage, 2006). Stock options ensures the CEOs interests are kept at par with that of shareholders since their value is subject to the price of the stock remaining above the strike price/exercise price (price upon which a stock will be sold or bought upon the exercise of the option) of the option. However stock options are open to abuse through options backdating and excessive risk seeking (Lawrence, 2002). Restricted stock - These are stocks awarded to an executive but can only be sold once a specific conditions are arrived at and it carries a similar value to the stock's market price during time of the grant. Deferred compensation -This is normally applied for taxation purposes and involves postponing compensation up to a certain future date. Executive perks compensation includes travel reimbursements, private jet and extra rewards given to the executives. Retirement packages awarded to executives following their retirement from the organization; this is open to abuse as corrupt executives can attach "golden

Examine the changing priorities of the United States in the Middle Essay

Examine the changing priorities of the United States in the Middle East - Essay Example Under hidden are the crude facts that are associated with the sole interests and benefits of United States of America. The region of Middle East holds its significance toward Americans because of its important different myths that are discussed below; The Population of Middle East is synonymous to that of Arab world, but to a limited extent as not all the countries are Arab, there are non Arabs as well in the Middle East. There are about 80% of the population that is Muslim, thus the Middle East basically comprise of the Muslim world countries. The Arab nations of Middle East are mostly rich in mineral oil. The countries like Saudi Arabia, Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Iran and Libya all are major oil producing countries. The role for war of terrorism by the Middle East; This has been in fact the greatest struggle that has been faced the members of these Middle East countries. It is not actually the war that has been imposed for these countries but in fact it is actually a problem of w rong perception-it is in fact the war against Islam rather than terrorism. There are many ways to misinterpret, mis-characterize or flatly misrepresent the various issues across the boundaries of the Middle East. The importance of Middle East towards America is not anything new to relate with the foreign policy of America. ... The various nations’s related concerns of United States along with their levels of impacts have been discussed over here which will ultimately help us to conclude some information about the changing priorities of United States towards Middle East along with their national and international reasons. US and Egypt: The current crises that have flown through the Egyptian states have been of vast importance to the United States due to its wide levels of oil related concerns with the country. The disruption of the supplies of oil due to the raised protests ultimately resulted in the raising of the prices of the oil in the world market. This also resulted in the increased threats to the US citizen survival in Egypt as well as the journalists of US. This has really created a dilemma for the US nation to be highly volatile about changing its policies and concerns. Military advantages: The termination of the Husni Mubarak Era has also turned over the benefits of US from the long standin g middle-East Ally. The US had been reaping over these benefits from the last two decades, and it military forces were being fed for the annual income of $1 billion for the access to Seuz Canal. Now the situation has changed and among the various dimensions that are being predicted one is that now the Americans would have to pull their hands from the great amount that was already coming their way against Military friendship or support. It is seemingly that the Muslim Brotherhood group is going to occupy an important position in the country soon and therefore America is wondering to know that after this whether the Africans Ally will cut those hands which have fed their army for so many years. It is also unpredictable to guess any idea about the impacts for Israel as

Evolution of Hybrid Cars

Evolution of Hybrid Cars 1. Introduction: The European government is trying to explore market and infrastructure issues related to an innovative, narrow-lane commuter car under development by a major auto manufacturer. In sufficient numbers, this vehicle offers an opportunity to increase the capacity of the existing transportation infrastructure, reduce the states dependence on petroleum and lower emissions of air pollutants. The commuter car is an innovative vehicle concept that is comparable to a motorcycle in size but offers advantages similar to an automobile in comfort, utility and safety. Depending upon the customer requirements a commuter car can be designed either a three-wheel or four-wheel. Passenger emenities similar to those available in standard automobiles, including climate control systems high quality stereo systems, and passenger restraint devices, would be available as options in this commuter car. This car offers several advantages that are inherent in the design. This report presents the product specifications which are going to be designed through different softwares, material selection and the market research analysis. 2. Evolution of Hybrid Cars: A hybrid automobile is a means of transportation employing two power sources; it uses a Re-chargeable energy storage system found on board and a fuelled power source as the vehicles ambition. The hybrid car pollutes much less and uses not as much fuel. Back in 1899, Ferdinand Porsche have developed and led the way to the initial working hybrid-electric vehicle. On the other hand, there was no key vehicle manufacturer who invested in the hybrid idea and mass produced hybrid cars until the late twentieth century. The hybrid technology was mainly utilized in developing diesel-electric submarines in the course of that interim period. Yet, the submarines major objective was to conserve oxygen as opposed to spend less fuel. Throughout the later years, submarines have evolved and have begun using the nuclear power as an alternative for diesel. During the 1990s, the Toyota Prius plus the Honda Insight were the very first profitable hybrid cars available in the market. It was two of the pioneers inside the hybrid auto idea which virtually adjusted the way the world considers cars. An idealistic inventor, Victor Wouk, manufactured a hybrid electric and gas car that siphoned fuel at half the quantity as practically all the other cars becoming built then. He built the hybrid car thirty years before the Toyota Prius got the attention of the U.S. as an energy- uneasy nation. And now the striking capabilities of the creation of Wouk, the hybrid cars, are now able to be an incredibly great support relating to less gas ingestion and less air pollution. Wouk and Rosen put up a start up business particularly to develop their hybrid car thought and made it easy to be on the market and be utilized as a regular automobile that belched less harmful vapors than up-to-date vehicles. The Prius Ever since the Toyota Prius, fuel efficient car was released on the market; it has been able to remain as the premier option of hybrid cars available. It is a fact that old hybrid cars looks more like an alien automobile and cost much more than the conventional car. Yet, because of the most up-to-date technologies installed in newer versions of hybrid cars, it looks extra like a conventional car and is far less expensive than its predecessors. It is a fact that hybrid cars these days look a whole lot like conventional cars. The Civic Hybrid can get 50 miles in mere 1 gallon of gasoline. During the year 2004, Ford has developed and introduced the initial hybrid SUV that is the Ford Escape Hybrid. A year later, Toyota also introduced their line of hybrid SUV called the Highlander Hybrid. Because of the increasing requirement for hybrid cars, other auto manufacturers are now following the footsteps of the other companies who already brought out a version of their hybrid car on the market. As an example, Nissan is now going to develop and introduce a hybrid version of the Nissan Altima. Presently, over 300,000 hybrid cars are running on American roads wherein 95 percent of them are Japanese made. The hybrid vehicles are really quite distinct technologies that can both reduce financial outlay and our environment. 3. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF HYBRID CARS: A hybrid is anything that uses two or more sources directly or indirectly to provide propulsion. Two power sources set up in a hybrid car in different ways. It has a fuel tank, which supplies gasoline to the engine and set of batteries that supplies power to an electric motor. The engine and the electric motor together can turn the transmission at identical time, and the transmission then turns the road wheels as shown in the figure1. The different ways in which the power sources establish in car are describe as follows: Series Hybrid Cars. Parallel Hybrid Cars. Series-Parallel Cars. 3.1 Series Hybrid Cars: The simplest of hybrid configuration is the Series Hybrid Car. In a series hybrid, the electric motor is the only resource of providing power to get wheels turning. The motor receives electric power from either the battery pack or from a generator run by a gasoline engine. The Battery pack is recharged by both the engine/generator and regenerative braking. The engine in a series drive train is typically smaller because it only meets the average driving power demands. The battery pack in these Hybrid cars generally more powerful than the one in parallel hybrid providing remaining peak driving power needs. Series hybrids are more expensive than parallel hybrids as the larger battery and motor with the generator add to the cost. While the engine in a conventional vehicle is forced to operate inefficiently to satisfy varying power demands of stop-and-go driving, series hybrids perform at their best in such conditions, as the gasoline engine in a series hybrid is not coupled to the wheels. This means the engine is no longer subject to the widely varying power demands experienced in stop-and-go driving and can instead operate in a narrow power range at near optimum efficiency , which eliminates the need for a complicated multi-speed transmission and clutch. Because series drive trains perform best in stop-and-go driving are primarily being considered for buses and other urban work vehicles. The figure below shows the process of series hybrid car 3.2 Parallel Hybrid Car: In parallel hybrid electric vehicle, the wheels are driven by the power generated from both the engine and the electric motor. The addition of computer controls and a transmission allow these components to work together. Parallel hybrids use a smaller battery pack and mainly depend on regenerative braking to keep it recharged. However, when power demands are low, parallel hybrids also utilize the drive motor as a generator for supplemental recharging, same as that of an alternator in conventional cars. In this setup the wheels are directly connected to the engine, which eliminates the inefficiency of converting mechanical power to electricity and back, which makes these hybrids quite efficient on the highway. The same direct connection between the engine and the wheels that increases highway efficiency compared to a series hybrid does reduce, but not eliminate, the city driving efficiency benefits. The figure below shows the process of parallel hybrid cars 3.3 Series-Parallel Hybrid Car: This drive train merges the advantages and complications of the parallel and series drive trains. As a result of combining the two designs, the engine can both drive the wheels directly (as in the parallel drive train) and be effectively disconnected from the wheels so that only the electric motor powers the wheels (as in the series drive train). Therefore, the engine operates at near optimum efficiency more often because of this dual drive train. At lower speeds it operates more as a series vehicle, while at high speeds, where the series drive train is less efficient, the engine takes over and energy loss is minimized. This system is expensive than that of a pure parallel hybrid since it needs a generator, a larger battery pack, and more computing power to control the dual system. However, the series/parallel drive train has the potential to perform better than either of the systems alone. The figure below shows the series-parallel hybrid process. 4. Project Planning: As can be seen in figure 4, the project plan includes the timescale of the project as a whole, from the beginning to the end. It outlines the various stages of the project highlighting the objectives and deliverables of each part of the project. It also defines the deadlines of each stage so as to assure that the project runs as per the schedule desired. However, it has to be taken into account that all the real world situations cannot be accounted for and hence, a safety period of appropriate measure has to be incorporated into each stage or at the end of the project. This assures that the deadlines will be met even in the event of unforeseeable circumstances. The project plan in itself is not a sufficient tool to manage a project of this magnitude. Hence, various other management tools were used during the course of this project to facilitate in the timely completion and effective management of the time and resources available to the team as a whole as well as, as individuals. These management tools include Gantt chart, Quality Function Deployment (QFD), Critical Path Analysis (CPA), Program Evaluation and Review (PERT), SWOT Analysis etc. 4.1 GANTT CHART: Gantt chart is a bar chart known after Henry Gantt who designed his chart in the beginning of 20th century. It shows a very clear and easily explicable manner of the project structure in terms of time and individual tasks and subtasks. The project time schedule was visualized and optimized using Gantt chart. In this case, the CHV project was divided into eleven main tasks: 1. market research, 2. technical research, 3. target setting, 4. concept development, 5. concept finalization, 6. further concept development, 7. management analysis and 8. Report. These tasks, in certain cases, are subdivided into subtasks, usually assigned to a particular group member responsible for that part. Name(s) of the member(s) working on an individual task are written near the blue bar, which represents the time duration of the task. The project Gantt Chart is shown in APPENDIX-1: 4.2 Critical Path Analysis: Critical Path Analysis (CPA) is a management tool that analyzes all the tasks required for completing the project, paying specific attention to the time required for the completion of each activity. It is used to formulate, schedule and manage the various milestones or activities in the project. It was developed in the 1950s to control large defiance projects and have been used routinely from then (mindtools.com).The critical path analysis for the CHV project was useful in:- Identifying all major activities requiring time. Time required for each activity was estimated and the overall project plan. Logical sequencing of these activities. For drawing the CPA first step was listing out the major activity. The next step is to sequence the activities into a logical order based on when it must or is most likely to occur i.e. certain activities will logically proceed after an activity while certain activities will be taking place parallel to each other. After sequencing, the time period required to complete each activity was determined. Time is represented in most networks as days. The time period for each activity was calculated taking into account the suggestions made by group members and considering other factors such as how many people will be working on each task, how many working days etc. As can be seen in Table 1, the findings are recorded in table format for easy look. The table also records the sequence of the activities as series, meaning occurs after another activity, and parallel, meaning occurring along with another activity. The dependence of an activity is also mentioned in the table. Table1: From the table 1 below, a chart is drawn in Figure 5 which represents the activities in circles and the time taken to complete an activity is stated on the arrow joining two activities. From the above CPA this project requires 62 minimum numbers of days for the completion of the project. 4.3 SWOT ANALYSIS SWOT analysis is a planning method that analysis the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats for a project. SWOT is a model that helps in assessment of a firm of what it can and cannot do along with the potential opportunities and threats. In SWOT analysis the information is separated into internal and external issues and each issue is addressed. SWOT analysis is useful in helping the group in meeting its objectives and also the obstacles to overcome to meet the desired result. The SWOT analysis carried out by the group is shown below, in APPENDIX-2.. The analysis was done, the strength and weakness of the group were put down along with its opportunities available for CHV was discussed and the barriers which could prove serious for the CHV project were taken into consideration . The ways to minimize the threats were also discussed with the help of group.. 4.4 3Ps: Similar as other analysis techniques such as QFD or DFMEA, 3Ps is a management aiding method designed to help designers make better plans. The major function of 3Ps is to find disadvantages faced during a specific time for the period of the project, then to workout them. So 3P is the combination of Progress against Plan, Problems with the Progress and Plan to solve Problems. All team members knew the weakness of this project by making 3Ps and the main problems in it have to be solved. It is very useful method because it shows the current conditions of the project; especially the direction designers should pay more concentration. The disadvantage of the project is known at the beginning and makes people think about it. 5. Market research: The first step of the project, as per the Gantt chart and the project planning was market research. This includes researching on the current vehicles that are available in the market and are due to be available within the next 3-6 months. Also to be considered is the market evaluation i.e. what types of vehicles are the customers most inclined to buy and what is the most desirable from CVs. As the project specification includes that the vehicle is to be a family hatchback powered by an electric battery and IC engine, the â€Å"Chevrolet Volt† or the â€Å"Honda Insight† cars were taken as bench marking. The market research results are shown in Table 5. 5.1 Comparison of vehicles using different sources as energy: l. Petrol car: A journey of 68 miles each day consumes 2.5 gallons of fuel and takes 2 hours. Amount of energy in fuel = 5.14 x 108 joules Thermal power = 71.3 kW Mechanical power = 20 kW average Efficiency = 28% 2. Battery electric car as secondary transport. Power station efficiency 40% Electric car efficiency 80% OVERALL 32% CONCLUSION: Pollution is moved from car to power station. There is only an environmental return if the cars performance is sacrificed or the power station is non-thermal and range/performance is limited. 3. Fuel-cell electric car as primary transport. Hydrocarbon to hydrogen conversion 75% Fuel-cell hydrogen to electricity 58% Electricity to mechanical power 87% OVERALL 38% (potential for 41% in 10 years) CONCLUSION: Pollution reduced by 88%; fuel consumption is 60% of petrol vehicle and Performance /range are as petrol vehicle. 4. Hybrid car as primary transport. Hydrocarbon to electricity Via lean burn petrol engine 45% Electricity to mechanical power 90% OVERALL 40.5% CONCLUSION: Pollution reduced by 70% and fuel consumption is 70% of petrol vehicle with performance/range as the petrol vehicle. So from the above comparison Hybrid car is the best transport CV which reduces the pollution and fuel consumption with good performance. 6. Technical Research: The next step is the technical research. It includes researching the technologies currently available in the market for the major components of the CHV. The major components of the CHV were divided into several components as below Batteries. Motors and Controllers. Aerodynamic. Regenerative braking. IC Engine. Transmission and Safety and homologation. 6.1 BATTERIES: The battery package is an essential element of an electric vehicle. Its electrical properties determines the vehicle driving range, while its physical properties must be consider during suspension design, vehicle architecture, etc. According to Larminie and Lowry (2003), batteries are the component with highest cost, weight and volume. Generally, a battery consists of two or more electric cells, which are joined together and generate DC electricity. There are several parameters describing the properties of a battery such as internal resistance, charge capacity, energy stored [Wh] or specific energy [Wh.kg-1]. Service temperature is a very important factor influencing the battery performance. Several different types of batteries were identified during research (Larminie and Lowry 2003): Lead-acid batteries: This is widely used with main constituents lead, sulphuric acid, plastic container which are available at low cost. However, lead acid batteries have a very low specific energy. Therefore, a battery with sufficient capacity using this technology would be very heavy. As a result, lead acid batteries are used in low-cost and low-range electric vehicles. Nickel-cadmium batteries: These batteries have a specific energy nearly twice that of lead-acid batteries. They possess a low self-discharge capability and are able to work in wide range of temperature (-40 °C to 80 °C). The presence cadmium is considered as a major drawback. Nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries were used in electric cars. Nickel-metal hydride batteries: As of the abbreviation NiMH, these are used in hybrid vehicles. The main principle is as like that of nickel-cadmium batteries, but the negative electrode uses hydrogen absorbed in metal hydride instead of cadmium. In addition NiMH batteries have higher specific energy. But, their self-discharge rate is relatively high which is ten times to that of NiCd. Since the reaction running in the battery is exothermic, a NiMH battery package must be cooled. Sodium-based batteries: In spite of high specific energy, sodium-based batteries have serious disadvantages that exclude it from commercial use of hybrid vehicle. Its operating temperature lies in the range of 300-350 °C. Once the battery is cooled down, it must be slowly reheated before operation and this process can take up to 24 hours. Besides, keeping the battery at its required temperature requires approximately 100 W of power. Lithium batteries: Lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion) are the latest stage in battery development providing the best performance for electric vehicles. They have a high specific energy and consequently a very low overall weight. This type of battery is used by the most recent electric vehicle available in the market (e.g. Nissan Leaf, Peugeot iOn, Tesla Roadster). The crucial disadvantage of Li-ion batteries is their high cost. Table 6: Battery comparison table Assumed input data ICE vehicle consumption: 4 l/100 km of diesel fuel (Volkswagen 2010) Diesel fuel specific energy: 40 kWh/kg Diesel fuel density: 0.832 kg/l ICE vehicle fuel → wheels efficiency: 10% EV vehicle fuel → wheels efficiency: 70% According to the input data, the required capacity of the battery pack is from 46 kWh to 61 kWh. According to specific energy of individual battery type the battery weight can be estimated (Table 7). For the desired range, lead acid batteries are far too heavy to be applied in a family hatchback. However, they can be considered as a cheap alternative for a low-range electric vehicle. Table 7:Battery Comparison according to range According to the table above, lithium-ion batteries are the most suitable option. If the latest technology is used (Nissan Leafs laminated Li-Ion batteries), specific energy can reach 140 kW/h (Weissler 2010), and thus the battery weight can be further reduced. In addition to this, the latest development shows a good potential in increasing Li-ion battery performance by means of nanotechnology. Furthermore, according to various prediction e.g. by The Boston Consulting Group (2010), the battery cost are about to decrease with the increase of production volume and it can be more than 50 % in the year 2020. 6.2 MOTORS AND CONTROLLERS: Motors is considered to be one of the main part of the electric vehicle .In a pure electric vehicle the motor provides the required torque directly to the wheels. However, the motor rotates at constant speed, so to vary the speed of the vehicle a potentiometer needs to be attached. The speed control of the vehicle is made possible by DC or AC (inverters) controllers. The accelerator pedal is attached to a potentiometer (variable resistor) which is further attached to the DC or AC controllers. The force on the accelerator pedal is directly proportional to the current delivered to the controller. Depending on the current supplied, the controller delivers power to the motor. The working of DC controller varies with an AC controller. For selecting a motor the main features that are important for an electric vehicle are good efficiency, high torque, low maintenance, moderate cost and easy to control. Figure 4 shows the basic layout of the motor and controller in an electric vehicle. The three motors considered for the concept were:- AC Synchronous Motor. DC Brushless Motor AC Induction Motor AC 3 synchronous motor is the latest type of motor used in electric vehicle. The main characteristic of AC 3 synchronous motor is that the motor runs at synchronous speed i.e. the field winding locks with the rotating magnetic fields and rotates along with it. The AC 3 synchronous motors has many advantages .Usually the AC induction motor works at lagging power factor but the AC 3 synchronous motor works at leading power factor which means improved efficiency and reduction in voltage drop .Accurate speed control is possible which makes synchronous motors an ideal choice .Synchronous motors have speed/torque characteristics which are ideally suited for direct drive of loads. A smooth the torque curve results in better performance of the vehicle. It has good heat dissipation and overloading capacity .The absence of magnets also reduce the cost of maintenance. Regeneration of energy is easily possible in an AC 3 synchronous motor by reversing the current. AC 3 synchronous motors has cer tain disadvantages such as it is not a self starting motor i.e. a separate motor (pony motor) is required to drive it till it reaches synchronization. Since it is relatively a new technology the price of the motor is comparatively higher. DC Brushless Motor or BLDC is the most common motor used in hybrid vehicles. A BLDC motor is similar to AC 3 synchronous motor. It has got good torque characteristics and also absence of slip. The heat dissipation and overloading characteristics is commendable for a BLDC motor. But BLDC motor is considered to be less efficient than the other three motors because of many factors. It has m

Propaganda and How It Is Uses by United States Government :: American Government, American Expansion

In today society, our daily lives are surrounding by ads, television, internet, the presses, and many publications. These are some of the many forms of what is called propaganda. It â€Å"is a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position so as to benefit oneself† (Online Wikipedia). Here, I am not talking about some superstores promotion like Wal-Mart or Costco to persuade us to buy their products. On the contrary, I am talking about how propaganda is use by United States Government to dominate the public point of view in time of wars, or alter public perception of political or none political issues. Now, let us look at some historical events where our government uses propaganda in those situations. Begin with the Philippines war, slogan like â€Å"advancing freedom†, â€Å"Christian benevolence†, and â€Å"prosperity† were use to â€Å"break† the â€Å"anti-imperial traditionsâ⠂¬  of the people in order to enable the McKinley Administration to legally conduct wars against the Filipinos â€Å"for control of the Philippine Islands† (Brewer 14). The intention of the war was that the U.S. believed the islands are strategic locations to â€Å"the markets and natural resources of Asia† (Brewer 14). However, the truth can not be disclosed to the public, and government needs public supports for the war. And so, the McKinley Administration portrait a total different image of â€Å"American expansion in the Pacific as a continuation of Manifest Destiny, comparing the Filipinos to Native Americans, calling them savage warriors or ‘little brown brothers’ (Brewer 15). Then come World War I, President Woodrow Wilson Administration established the â€Å"Creel Commission† to manipulate the so called â€Å"extremely pacifistic population† to wrath war against Germany (Chomsky 11). And at the end of the war, the same strategy of propaganda is use to â€Å"destroying unions and eliminating such dangerous problems as freedom of the press and freedom of political thought† (Chomsky 12). This was later known as the Red Scare. Although under the leadership of the President, the propaganda used are strongly support and pushed by the media and businesses for their own interest. Furthermore, there is that certain group of people in society who considered themselves as the â€Å"more intelligent members of the community† or â€Å"specialized class of responsible men† who believed only they can understand the common interests of the people (Chomsky 12, 15).

Bancolumbia: Talent, Culture and Value Creation Management in Mergers Essay

Any organizational culture interventions are designed to address issues that affect almost everybody within that culture. These interventions are done for a number of reasons. There are always enormous pressures on organizations to reduce costs, increase productivity, speed up cycle time of product development, clarify direction, improve morale, and increase participation. Sometimes organizations approach large scale interventions consciously and intentionally, such as when they develop a 3 to 5 year strategic plan, engage in a culture change initiative, or acquire/merge with another organization like in the case of Bancolombia. Change may also be forced on the organization unintentionally due to changes that occur inside the organization such as an unexpected structure change which was also the case for the parties involved in the Bancolombia merger. Organizations often choose a large-scale intervention when the task is complex or urgent, or when multiple people are required to accomplish it. Whatever the reason, the purpose of a cultural intervention in a large system is to make lasting change in the character and performance of an organization, a standalone business unit, or a large department. The large-scale organizational interventions significantly affect integral aspects of the organization’s functioning, structure, and processes. Thus, these interventions are visible, wide-ranging, and require significant commitment and attention of organizational leaders and members. Once culture is established and accepted, it becomes a strong leadership tool to communicate the â€Å"new† organization’s beliefs and values to its members, and especially new comers. When leaders promote the culture, they become successful in maintaining organizational growth, the good services demanded by customers, the ability to address problems before they become disasters and consequently are competitive against rivals. Ultimately, if executed properly, corporate culture can be the only truly sustainable competitive advantage.

God bless Essay

The novel WICKED WITCH OF THE WEST by Gregory Maguire focuses upon an evil soul of a witch, the dialog, â€Å"†One never learns how the witch became wicked, or whether that was the right choice for her–is it ever the right choice? â€Å"† p. 231 explains how the wickedness of the witch cannot be truly explained or her personality assessed by the writer, it is up to the reader to decide on a conclusion regarding the motivations behind it. The four travellers Dorothy, Scarecrow Nick Chopper, Cowardly Lion’s discussion of the rumours about the witch while she herself listens to their talk & decides to confront Dorothy next time. The writer also writes in detail about the birth of the witch as well as her family background, relating religion with the evil characters. â€Å"†It’s people who claim that they’re good or anyway better than the rest of us, that you have to be wary of. † (Maguire p. 357). The readers are being warned about the different natures of the characters & in the end the domination of good against evil by stating, â€Å"In the life of a Witch, there is no after, in the ever after of a Witch there is no happily; in the story of a Witch, there is no afterward. † (Maguire P. 406) Thesis: In this society when we encounter evil, it is not only due to person’s own act but whole of the society is involved in the evil act. Every person has something good and bad in his character but sometimes society creates circumstances that a person is forced to become evil. Body 1 [Plot] This story begins with the birth of Elphaba the daughter of Frex and Melena, Melena was alone at the time when she give birth to Elphaba, as despite of being with his wife at the birth of their first child Frex had traveled to preach, specifically, the Clock of the Time Dragon. Melena give the birth to the daughter with green skin color which was very odd, for many years they hide this secret but when Elphaba grown up she was sent to the schools and college. Galinda was Elphaba first roommate but Galinda always ignore her, later on they become friends Galinda was working with Dr Dillamond, he was killed in this story from this point the sad part starts, Elphaba blame Madame Morrible and her robot-like assistant, Grommeti. But later on Fiyero comes into Elphaba life’s’ he, as she was alone they both had the affair but after few time he consider that Elphaba has murdered Madame Morrible, Fiyero was as well killed, and later on she was known as the witch of town as she did not fights against rumors about her and at last she died because of bucket of water which was throw on her to save her from fire. â€Å"The funeral was modest, a love-her-and-shove-her affair† (Maguire, p 154) The main character of this novel is Elphaba, an individual who was born with distinct features & personality. The appearance is mocked by others living around her, â€Å"A green child will be an open invitation for scorn and abuse. † (Maguire P. 48). The interesting feature is the transformation of this person from a naive girl to the one seeking revenge & thus attains the nickname WICKED WITCH OF THE WEST thanks to her malevolence. However this is justified by the extreme love & the suffering in result she feels for her family & friends. Another character Dorothy a young innocent girl, along with her escorts Scarecrow, Nick Chopper, Cowardly Lion is the opponent of the witch, but loved by the other people. She is also responsible for the witch’s death in the end of the novel.